What function do BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes serve?

What function do BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes serve?

• A. They assist in digestion and metabolism
• B. They act as tumor suppressor genes and increase cancer risk when mutated
• C. They are responsible for blood clotting
• D. They play a role in hair and eye color

Answer: (B)

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are crucial components of the cellular machinery involved in maintaining genomic integrity. Their primary function is to act as tumor suppressor genes, helping to repair DNA breaks that can lead to cellular malfunction and, ultimately, cancer. When these genes are functioning normally, they play a significant role in controlling cell growth and preventing tumor formation. However, when mutations occur in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, the effectiveness of DNA repair mechanisms is compromised, leading to an increased risk of developing certain cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer. This connection between mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and heightened cancer risk is critical for understanding the genetic basis of familial cancer syndromes. This understanding also influences clinical decision-making regarding cancer screening and preventative measures for individuals with a family history of such cancers.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are crucial components of the cellular machinery involved in maintaining genomic integrity. Their primary function is to act as tumor suppressor genes, helping to repair DNA breaks that can lead to cellular malfunction and, ultimately, cancer. When these genes are functioning normally, they play a significant role in controlling cell growth and preventing tumor formation. However, when mutations occur in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, the effectiveness of DNA repair mechanisms is compromised, leading to an increased risk of developing certain cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer.

This connection between mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and heightened cancer risk is critical for understanding the genetic basis of familial cancer syndromes. This understanding also influences clinical decision-making regarding cancer screening and preventative measures for individuals with a family history of such cancers.